Equivariant intersection number of π-trivial immersions
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== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
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− | The ''homology intersection pairing'' of $M$ with respect to an oriented cover $(\widetilde{M},\pi,w)$ $$\begin{array}{rcl}\lambda: H_n(\widetilde{M})\times H_{m-n}(\widetilde{M}) &\to& \Z[\pi]\\ (a,b) &\mapsto& \lambda(a,b)\end{array}$$ is the sesquilinear pairing defined by $$\lambda(a,b) = a^*(b)\in \Z[\pi]$$ with $a^*\in H^{m-n}(\widetilde{M})$ the | + | The ''homology intersection pairing'' of $M$ with respect to an oriented cover $(\widetilde{M},\pi,w)$ $$\begin{array}{rcl}\lambda: H_n(\widetilde{M})\times H_{m-n}(\widetilde{M}) &\to& \Z[\pi]\\ (a,b) &\mapsto& \lambda(a,b)\end{array}$$ is the sesquilinear pairing defined by $$\lambda(a,b) = a^*(b)\in \Z[\pi]$$ with $a^*\in H^{m-n}(\widetilde{M})$ the Poincaré dual of $a$ with respect to Universal Poincaré duality, such that $$\lambda(b,a) = (-1)^{n(m-n)}\overline{\lambda(a,b)}\in \Z[\pi].$$ |
The ''algebraic intersection number'' of $\pi$-trivial maps $f_1:N_1^{n_1} \to M^{n_1+n_2}$, $f_2:N_2^{n_2} \to M^{n_1+n_2}$ with prescribed lifts $\widetilde{f}_1:N_1\to \widetilde{M}$, $\widetilde{f}_2:N_2\to\widetilde{M}$ is the homology intersection of the homology classes $(\widetilde{f}_1)_*[N_1]\in H_{n_1}(\widetilde{M})$, $(\widetilde{f}_2)_*[N_2]\in H_{n_2}(\widetilde{M})$: $$\lambda^{\mathrm{alg}}(N_1,N_2) = \lambda((\widetilde{f}_1)_*[N_1],(\widetilde{f}_2)_*[N_2])\in \Z[\pi].$$ | The ''algebraic intersection number'' of $\pi$-trivial maps $f_1:N_1^{n_1} \to M^{n_1+n_2}$, $f_2:N_2^{n_2} \to M^{n_1+n_2}$ with prescribed lifts $\widetilde{f}_1:N_1\to \widetilde{M}$, $\widetilde{f}_2:N_2\to\widetilde{M}$ is the homology intersection of the homology classes $(\widetilde{f}_1)_*[N_1]\in H_{n_1}(\widetilde{M})$, $(\widetilde{f}_2)_*[N_2]\in H_{n_2}(\widetilde{M})$: $$\lambda^{\mathrm{alg}}(N_1,N_2) = \lambda((\widetilde{f}_1)_*[N_1],(\widetilde{f}_2)_*[N_2])\in \Z[\pi].$$ | ||
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− | == Alternative | + | == Alternative Descriptions == |
<wikitex> | <wikitex> | ||
+ | Let $f_1:N_1^{n_1} \looparrowright M^{n_1+n_2}$, $f_2:N_2^{n_2} \looparrowright M^{n_1+n_2}$ be $\pi$-trivial immersions. Let $b_i\in N_i$, $b\in M$ and $\widetilde{b}\in\widetilde{M}$ such that $p(\widetilde{b})=b$ be basepoints. Then there is a bijective correspondence $$ \{ \widetilde{f_i}:N_i \to \widetilde{M} : p\circ \widetilde{f_i}=f_i\} \longleftrightarrow \{ w:I \to M : w(0)=b, w(1) = f_i(b_i)\}/\pi_1(\widetilde{M}) $$ as explained in the page on [[Π-trivial_map|$\pi$-trivial maps]]. Thus there are two equivalent conventions we can use for the data of a $\pi$-trivial map: either a choice of lift or a choice of path from $b$ to $f_i(b_i)$ modulo $\pi_1(\widetilde{M})$. Both conventions have equivalent definitions for the equivariant intersection number of transversely intersecting $\pi$-trivial immersions. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lifts: | ||
Let $f_1:N_1^{n_1} \looparrowright M^{n_1+n_2}$, $f_2:N_2^{n_2} \looparrowright M^{n_1+n_2}$ be $\pi$-trivial immersions with prescribed lifts to the oriented cover $\widetilde{f}_1: N_1 \to \widetilde{M}$, $\widetilde{f}_2:N_2 \to \widetilde{M}$. At a transverse double point $x=(x_1,x_2)\in S_2(f_1,f_2)$ let $g(x)\in \pi$ be the unique covering translation $\widetilde{M}\to \widetilde{M}$ such that $$\widetilde{f}_2(x_2) = g(x)\widetilde{f}_1(x_1)\in \widetilde{M}.$$ | Let $f_1:N_1^{n_1} \looparrowright M^{n_1+n_2}$, $f_2:N_2^{n_2} \looparrowright M^{n_1+n_2}$ be $\pi$-trivial immersions with prescribed lifts to the oriented cover $\widetilde{f}_1: N_1 \to \widetilde{M}$, $\widetilde{f}_2:N_2 \to \widetilde{M}$. At a transverse double point $x=(x_1,x_2)\in S_2(f_1,f_2)$ let $g(x)\in \pi$ be the unique covering translation $\widetilde{M}\to \widetilde{M}$ such that $$\widetilde{f}_2(x_2) = g(x)\widetilde{f}_1(x_1)\in \widetilde{M}.$$ | ||
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$$w(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{cc} +1, & \mathrm{if}\; d\widetilde{f}(x) \;\mathrm{preserves}\; \mathrm{orientations} \\ -1, & \mathrm{otherwise}.\end{array}\right.$$ | $$w(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{cc} +1, & \mathrm{if}\; d\widetilde{f}(x) \;\mathrm{preserves}\; \mathrm{orientations} \\ -1, & \mathrm{otherwise}.\end{array}\right.$$ | ||
− | + | Paths: | |
+ | Let $f_1:N_1^{n_1} \looparrowright M^{n_1+n_2}$, $f_2:N_2^{n_2} \looparrowright M^{n_1+n_2}$ be $\pi$-trivial immersions with prescribed equivalence classes of paths $[w_i:I\to M]$ such that $w_i(0)=b$ and $w_i(1)=f_i(b_i)$ for $i=1,2$. At a transverse double point $x=(x_1,x_2)\in S_2(f_1,f_2)$ define $g(x)\in\pi$ as the loop $$g(x):= w_1 * f_1(u_1) * f_0(u_0)^-*w_0^-$$ where $u_i:I\to N_i$ is any path from $b_i$ to $x_i$. This loop is well-defined since a different choice of representative of $w_i$ or a different path $u_i$ results in a loop that differs from the other by an element of $\pi_1(\widetilde{M})$ or $(f_i)_*(\pi_1(N_i))$ which is trivial in $\pi$. | ||
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+ | Definition of $\epsilon(x)$: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Equivalence: | ||
+ | Let $b$ be a basepoint of $M$, $b_i$ a basepoint of $N_i$ for $i=1,2$ and let $\widetilde{b}\in\widetilde{M}$ be some choice of lift. For a transverse double point $x=(x_1,x_2)\in S_2(f_1,f_2)$, an isotopy class of paths from $b_i$ to $x_i$ corresponds to a lift $\widetilde{f}_i$ as follows. | ||
The effect on the equivariant index of a change of order in the double point is given by $$I(x_2,x_1) = (-1)^{n_1n_2}\overline{I(x_1,x_2)}\in\Z[\pi]$$ with $\Z[\pi]\to \Z[\pi];a \mapsto \overline{a}$ the $w$-twisted involution $$a=\sum_{g\in\pi}n_gg \mapsto \sum_{g\in\pi}n_gw(g)g^{-1}\,(n_g\in\Z).$$ | The effect on the equivariant index of a change of order in the double point is given by $$I(x_2,x_1) = (-1)^{n_1n_2}\overline{I(x_1,x_2)}\in\Z[\pi]$$ with $\Z[\pi]\to \Z[\pi];a \mapsto \overline{a}$ the $w$-twisted involution $$a=\sum_{g\in\pi}n_gg \mapsto \sum_{g\in\pi}n_gw(g)g^{-1}\,(n_g\in\Z).$$ |
Revision as of 17:23, 3 May 2013
This page has not been refereed. The information given here might be incomplete or provisional. |
Contents |
1 Introduction
This is a work in progress! Initial blurb.
Let be an oriented cover of a connected manifold and let , be -trivial immersions of manifolds in . The equivariant intersection number counts with elements of the number of intersection points that the two immersions have. The intersection number is an obstruction to perturbing the immersions into being disjoint, which when zero can often be achieved using the Whitney trick.
The intersection number is also used in defining the intersection form of a -dimensional manifold and in turn its signature - a very important invariant used in the classification of manifolds and the primary surgery obstruction.
2 Definition
3 Alternative Descriptions
Lifts:
Let , be -trivial immersions with prescribed lifts to the oriented cover , . At a transverse double point let be the unique covering translation such thatPaths:
Let , be -trivial immersions with prescribed equivalence classes of paths such that and for . At a transverse double point define as the loopDefinition of :
Equivalence: Let be a basepoint of , a basepoint of for and let be some choice of lift. For a transverse double point , an isotopy class of paths from to corresponds to a lift as follows.
The effect on the equivariant index of a change of order in the double point is given byThe geometric intersection number of transverse immersions is
4 Equivalence of definitions
The algebraic and geometric intersection numbers agree. See REFERENCE
5 Examples
...