Lens spaces
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1 Introduction
A lens space is the orbit spaces of a free linear action of a finite cyclic group on a sphere. The importance of lens spaces stems from the fact that they provide examples of peculiar phenomena. For example, there are pairs of lens spaces where both lens spaces have the same homotopy and homology groups but are not homotopy equivalent, and there are also pairs where both lens spaces are homotopy equivalent, but not homeomorphic. The lens spaces also play a role in Milnor's disproof of Hauptvermutung for polyhedra, that means they were used to find two polyhedra which are homeomorphic but combinatorially distinct.
For historical information see Lens spaces: a history.
2 Construction and examples
Let , for be natural numbers such that for all . The lens space is defined to be the orbit space of the free action of the cyclic group on the sphere given by the formula
3 Invariants
Abbreviate .
- , for
- , , for , for all other values of .
- Let be natural numbers satisfying mod for all . Then the Reidemeister torsion is given by
- Let be natural numbers satisfying mod for all . Then the Rho-invariant is defined by
For the notation in the last two points click here
4 Classification/Characterization
Abbreviate and .
1 Homotopy classification
See also [Cohen1973].
2 PL homeomorphism classification
Theorem 4.2 [Franz1935]. if and only if for some permutation and some we have for all .
3 Homeomorphism classification
Theorem 4.3 [Brody1960a]. if and only if for some permutation and some we have for all .
See also [Milnor1966]
4 -cobordism classification
Theorem 4.4 [Atiyah-Bott]. Two lens spaces , are -cobordant if and only if they are homeomorphic.
See [Milnor1966]
5 Further discussion
More details and a discussion of fake lens spaces are planned. This includes the -invariant.
6 References
- [Atiyah-Bott] Template:Atiyah-Bott
- [Brody1960a] E. J. Brody, The topological classification of the lens spaces, Ann. of Math. (2) 71 (1960), 163–184. MR0116336 (22 #7125) Zbl 0119.18901
- [Cohen1973] M. M. Cohen, A course in simple-homotopy theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1973. MR0362320 (50 #14762) Zbl 0261.57009
- [Franz1935] W. Franz, Über die Torsion einer Überdeckung., Journ. f. Math. 173 (1935), 245-254. Zbl 61.1350.01
- [Milnor1966] J. Milnor, Whitehead torsion, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 72 (1966), 358–426. MR0196736 (33 #4922) Zbl 0147.23104
- [Olum1953] P. Olum, Mappings of manifolds and the notion of degree, Ann. of Math. (2) 58 (1953), 458–480. MR0058212 (15,338a) Zbl 0052.19901
7 External links
- The Wikipedia page about Lens spaces.