Poincaré Duality Spaces
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− | * If $\partial X = \emptyset$, one says that $X$ is a ''Poincaré duality space.'' (In view of this, perhaps better terminology would be to call $(X,\partial X)$ a ''Poincaré space with boundary.'') | + | * If $\partial X = \emptyset$, one says that $X$ is a ''Poincaré duality space.'' (In view of this, perhaps better terminology would be to call $(X,\partial X)$ a ''Poincaré duality space with boundary.'') |
* $\mathcal L$ is called an ''orientation sheaf'' and $[X]$ is called a ''fundamental class.'' The pair $(\mathcal L,[X])$ is unique up to unique isomorphism. | * $\mathcal L$ is called an ''orientation sheaf'' and $[X]$ is called a ''fundamental class.'' The pair $(\mathcal L,[X])$ is unique up to unique isomorphism. |
Revision as of 23:26, 24 March 2011
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1 Definition
A Poincaré pair of dimension consists of a finitely dominated CW pair for which there exists in which
- is a bundle of local coefficients on which is free abelian of rank one, and
- is a class such that
and
are isomorphisms.
Here, is allowed to range over all local coefficient bundles on , but in fact it is sufficient to check the condition when is the local coefficient bundle over associated with , where is the fundamental groupoid of .
2 Notes
- If , one says that is a Poincaré duality space. (In view of this, perhaps better terminology would be to call a Poincaré duality space with boundary.)
- is called an orientation sheaf and is called a fundamental class. The pair is unique up to unique isomorphism.
- If with respect to a Poincar\'e pair of dimension , then is a Poincaré space of dimension with respect to , where is the boundary homomorphism.
- A finite CW complex admits the structure of a Poincaré duality space of dimension if and only if there exists a framed compact smooth manifold
of dimension such is homotopy equivalent to and the inclusion has homotopy fiber homotopy equivalent to .
3 Example
A compact (smooth, PL, TOP or homology) manifold of dimension is a Poincaré duality pair of dimension , where is the orientation sheaf of and is the manifold fundamental class.