Poincaré Duality Spaces

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−	<!-- COMMENT:	+	{{Authors|Klein}}{{Stub}}
		+	== Introduction ==
		+	<wikitex>;
		+	</wikitex>
		+	==Definition==
		+	<wikitex>;
		+	A ''Poincaré pair'' of dimension $d$ consists of a finitely dominated CW pair $(X,\partial X)$ for which there exists $$(\mathcal{L},[X])$$ in which
−	A Poincaré duality space of dimension $d$ consists of a space $X$ together a pair $(\cal L,[X])$ in which	+	*$\mathcal{L}$ is a bundle of local coefficients on $X$ which is free abelian of rank one, and
−	$\cal L$ is a bundel local coefficients on $X$ which is free abelian of rank one and $[X] \in H_d(X;\cal L)$ sastifies	+
−	$$	+
−	\cap [X] \: H^*(X;M) \to H_{d-*}(X;M \tensor \cal L)	+
−	$$	+
−	is an isomorphism. Here, $M$ is allowed to range over all local coefficient bundles on $X$.	+
		+	* $[X] \in H_d(X,\partial X;\mathcal {L})$ is a class such that
		+	$$ \cap [X] : H^*(X;\mathcal{B}) \to H_{d-*}(X,\partial X;\mathcal{B} \otimes \mathcal{L})$$
		+	and
		+	$$ \cap [X] : H^*(X,\partial X;\mathcal{B}) \to H_{d-*}(X;\mathcal{B} \otimes \mathcal{L})$$
		+	are isomorphisms.
−	To achieve a unified layout, along with using the template below, please OBSERVE the following: besides, $...$ and $$...$$, you should use two environments:	+	Here, $\mathcal B$ is allowed to range over all local coefficient bundles on $X$,
		+	but in fact it is sufficient to check the condition when $\mathcal{B}$ is the local coefficient bundle over $X$
		+	associated with $\Bbb Z[\pi]$, where $\pi$ is the fundamental groupoid of $X$.
		+	</wikitex>
		+	==Notes==
		+	<wikitex>;
		+	* If $\partial X = \emptyset$, one says that $X$ is a ''Poincaré duality space.'' (In view of this, perhaps better terminology would be to call $(X,\partial X)$ a ''Poincaré duality space with boundary.'')
−	- For statements like Theorem, Lemma, Definition etc., use e.g.	+	* $\mathcal L$ is called an ''orientation sheaf'' and $[X]$ is called a ''fundamental class.'' The pair $(\mathcal L,[X])$ is unique up to unique isomorphism.
−	{{beginthm|Theorem 1|(Milnor)}} ... ... ... {{endthm}}.	+
−	- For references, use e.g. {{cite|Milnor1958b}}.	+	* If $(X,\partial X)$ with respect to $(\mathcal{L},[X])$ a Poincar\'e pair of dimension $d$, then $\partial X$ is a Poincaré space of dimension $d-1$ with respect to $(\mathcal {L}_{|\partial X},\partial [X])$, where $\partial: H_d(X;\mathcal{L}) \to H_{d-1}(\partial X;\mathcal{L}_{|\partial X})$ is the boundary homomorphism.
−	DON'T FORGET TO ENTER YOUR USER NAME INTO THE {{Authors| }} TEMPLATE BELOW.	+	* A finite CW complex $X$ admits the structure of a Poincaré duality space of dimension $n$ if and only if there exists a framed compact smooth manifold $M$ of dimension $m \ge n+3$ such $M$ is homotopy equivalent to $X$ and the inclusion $\partial M \subset M$ has homotopy fiber homotopy equivalent to $S^{m-n-1}$.
		+	</wikitex>
−	END OF COMMENT -->	+	==Example==
−	{{Authors| }}{{Stub}}	+
−	== Introduction ==	+
	<wikitex>;		<wikitex>;
−	...	+	A compact (smooth, PL, TOP or homology) manifold $(X,\partial X)$ of dimension $d$ is a Poincaré duality pair of dimension $d$, where $\mathcal L$ is the orientation sheaf of $X$ and $[X]$ is the manifold fundamental class.
	</wikitex>		</wikitex>
−	== References ==	+	==References==
	{{#RefList:}}		{{#RefList:}}
	[[Category:Theory]]		[[Category:Theory]]

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Latest revision as of 17:01, 12 June 2013

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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Definition 3 Notes 4 Example 5 References

1 Introduction

2 Definition

A Poincaré pair of dimension $<!-- COMMENT: A Poincaré duality space of dimension $d$ consists of a space $X$ together a pair $(\cal L,[X])$ in which $\cal L$ is a bundel local coefficients on $X$ which is free abelian of rank one and $[X] \in H_d(X;\cal L)$ sastifies $$ \cap [X] \: H^*(X;M) \to H_{d-*}(X;M \tensor \cal L) $$ is an isomorphism. Here, $M$ is allowed to range over all local coefficient bundles on $X$. To achieve a unified layout, along with using the template below, please OBSERVE the following: besides, $...$ and $$...$$, you should use two environments: - For statements like Theorem, Lemma, Definition etc., use e.g. {{beginthm|Theorem 1|(Milnor)}} ... ... ... {{endthm}}. - For references, use e.g. {{cite|Milnor1958b}}. DON'T FORGET TO ENTER YOUR USER NAME INTO THE {{Authors| }} TEMPLATE BELOW. END OF COMMENT --> {{Authors| }}{{Stub}} == Introduction == <wikitex>; ... </wikitex> == References == {{#RefList:}} [[Category:Theory]]d$ consists of a finitely dominated CW pair $(X,\partial X)$ for which there exists in which

• $\mathcal{L}$ is a bundle of local coefficients on $X$ which is free abelian of rank one, and

• $[X] \in H_d(X,\partial X;\mathcal {L})$ is a class such that

and

are isomorphisms.

Here, $\mathcal B$ is allowed to range over all local coefficient bundles on $X$, but in fact it is sufficient to check the condition when $\mathcal{B}$ is the local coefficient bundle over $X$ associated with $\Bbb Z[\pi]$, where $\pi$ is the fundamental groupoid of $X$.

3 Notes

• If $\partial X = \emptyset$, one says that $X$ is a Poincaré duality space. (In view of this, perhaps better terminology would be to call $(X,\partial X)$ a Poincaré duality space with boundary.)

• $\mathcal L$ is called an orientation sheaf and $[X]$ is called a fundamental class. The pair $(\mathcal L,[X])$ is unique up to unique isomorphism.

• If $(X,\partial X)$ with respect to $(\mathcal{L},[X])$ a Poincar\'e pair of dimension $d$, then $\partial X$ is a Poincaré space of dimension $d-1$ with respect to $(\mathcal {L}_{|\partial X},\partial [X])$, where $\partial: H_d(X;\mathcal{L}) \to H_{d-1}(\partial X;\mathcal{L}_{|\partial X})$ is the boundary homomorphism.

• A finite CW complex $X$ admits the structure of a Poincaré duality space of dimension $n$ if and only if there exists a framed compact smooth manifold $M$ of dimension $m \ge n+3$ such $M$ is homotopy equivalent to $X$ and the inclusion $\partial M \subset M$ has homotopy fiber homotopy equivalent to $S^{m-n-1}$.

4 Example

A compact (smooth, PL, TOP or homology) manifold $(X,\partial X)$ of dimension $d$ is a Poincaré duality pair of dimension $d$, where $\mathcal L$ is the orientation sheaf of $X$ and $[X]$ is the manifold fundamental class.

5 References