Group actions on Euclidean spaces
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Contents |
1 Topological actions
...
2 Smooth actions
2.1 Fixed point free
2.1.1 History
The question whether contractible manifolds such as Euclidean spaces admit smooth fixed point free actions of compact Lie groups has been discussed for the first time by Paul Althaus Smith [Smith1938], [Smith1939], [Smith1941], and [Smith1945]. For , Conner and Montgomery [Conner&Montgomery1962] have constructed smooth fixed point free actions of
on Euclidean spaces. By generalizing their construction, Hsiang and Hsiang [Hsiang&Hsiang1967] have shown that any non-abelian compact connected Lie group
can admit such actions.
Let for two relatively primes integers
. The construction of Conner and Floyd [Conner&Floyd1959], modified and improved by Kister [Kister1961] and [Kister1963], yields smooth fixed point free actions of
on Euclidean spaces (see [Bredon1972, pp. 58-61]). In the more general case of
where there exist a surjection
and an injection
, smooth fixed point free actions of
on Euclidean spaces have been constructed by Edmonds and Lee [Edmonds&Lee1976].
2.1.2 Results
The results of [Conner&Montgomery1962], [Hsiang&Hsiang1967], [Conner&Floyd1959], [Kister1961], and [Edmonds&Lee1976] yield the following theorem.
Theorem 2.1.
A compact Lie group admits a smooth fixed point free action on some Euclidean space if and only if at least one of the following conditions holds.
- The identity connected component
of
is non-abelian.
- The quotient group
is not of prime power order.
2.2 Fixed point sets
2.2.1 History
2.2.2 Definitions
For a space , between the reduced real, complex, and quaternion
-theory groups
,
, and
, respectively, consider
- the induction (complexification and quaternization) homomorphisms
- and the forgetful (complexification and realification) homomorphisms
.
Definition 2.2.
An element of an abelian group is called quasi-divisible if it belongs to the intersection of the kernels of all homomorphisms from
to free abelian groups.
The subgroup of quasi-divisible elements of is denoted by
.
Remark 2.3.
If an abelian group is finitely generated, then
, the group of torsion elements of
.
2.2.3 Results
Theorem 2.4 ([citation needed]).
Let be a compact Lie group such that the identity connected component
of
is non-abelian, or the quotient group
is not of prime power order. Let
be a CW complex. Then the following three statements are equivalent.
is finite dimensional and countable (i.e., consists of countably many cells).
- There exist a finite dimensional, countable, contractible
-CW-complex
with finitely many orbit types, such that the fixed point set
is homeomorphic to
.
- There exists a smooth action of
on some Euclidean space
such that the fixed point set
is homotopy equivalent to
.
Theorem 2.5 ([Oliver1996]).
Let be a finite group not of prime power order. Let
be a smooth manifold. Then there exists a smooth action of
on some Euclidean space
such that the fixed point
is diffeomorphic to
if and only if the following two statements hold.
-
admits a countable atlas and
.
- The class
of
satisfies the following condition depending on
.
-
is arbitrary, if
is in the class
of finite groups with dihedral subquotient of order
for two distinct primes
and
.
-
, if
has a composite order element conjugate to its inverse and
.
-
, if
has a composite order element but never conjugate to its inverse and
.
-
, i.e.,
is stably complex, if
has a composite order element but never conjugate to its inverse and
.
-
, if
has no composite order element and
.
-
, if
has no composite order element and
.
-
3 References
- [Bredon1972] G. E. Bredon, Introduction to compact transformation groups, Academic Press, New York, 1972. MR0413144 (54 #1265) Zbl 0484.57001
- [Conner&Floyd1959] P. E. Conner and E. E. Floyd, On the construction of periodic maps without fixed points, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 10 (1959), 354–360. MR0105115 (21 #3860) Zbl 0092.39701
- [Conner&Montgomery1962] P. Conner and D. Montgomery, An example for
, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 48 (1962), 1918–1922. MR0148795 (26 #6300) Zbl 0107.16604
- [Edmonds&Lee1976] A. L. Edmonds and R. Lee, Compact Lie groups which act on Euclidean space without fixed points, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 55 (1976), no.2, 416–418. MR0420672 (54 #8684) Zbl 0326.57011
- [Hsiang&Hsiang1967] W. Hsiang and W. Hsiang, Differentiable actions of compact connected classical groups. I, Amer. J. Math. 89 (1967), 705–786. MR0217213 (36 #304) Zbl 0205.53902
- [Kister1961] J. M. Kister, Examples of periodic maps on Euclidean spaces without fixed points. , Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 67 (1961), 471–474. MR0130929 (24 #A783) Zbl 0101.15602
- [Kister1963] J. M. Kister, Differentiable periodic actions on
without fixed points, Amer. J. Math. 85 (1963), 316–319. MR0154278 (27 #4227) Zbl 0119.18801
- [Oliver1996] B. Oliver, Fixed point sets and tangent bundles of actions on disks and Euclidean spaces, Topology 35 (1996), no.3, 583–615. MR1396768 (97g:57059) Zbl 0861.57047
- [Smith1938] P. A. Smith, Transformations of finite period, Ann. of Math. (2) 39 (1938), no.1, 127–164. MR1503393 Zbl 0063.07093
- [Smith1939] P. A. Smith, Transformations of finite period. II, Ann. of Math. (2) 40 (1939), 690–711. MR0000177 (1,30c) Zbl 0063.07093
- [Smith1941] P. A. Smith, Transformations of finite period. III. Newman's theorem, Ann. of Math. (2) 42 (1941), 446–458. MR0004128 (2,324c)
- [Smith1945] P. A. Smith, Transformations of finite period. IV. Dimensional parity, Ann. of Math. (2) 46 (1945), 357–364. MR0013304 (7,136e) Zbl 0063.07093
- [citation needed] Template:Citation needed