Selected publications in manifold theory

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This is a '''timeline of important publications in the theory of [[Wikipedia:manifold|manifold]]s''', including
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* [[Wikipedia:differentiable|smooth]] manifolds,
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* [[Wikipedia:piecewise-linear|piecewise-linear]] manifolds;
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* [[topological manifolds]];
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* [[homology manifolds]].
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See also:
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* [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Chronology/index.html Chronology] at MacTutor
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* [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Indexes/Geometry_Topology.html Geometry and topology] at MacTutor
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* [[Manifolds timeline|timeline of ''events'' in manifold theory]]
To achieve a unified layout, along with using the template below, please observe the following: besides, $...$ and $$...$$, you should use two environments:
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==Up to 1900==
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<wikitex>;
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{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
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! style="width:8%" | Year
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! style="width:10%" | Authors
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! Publication and remarks
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|-
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| 18?? || ... || ...
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|}
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</wikitex>
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==1900 - 1930==
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<wikitex>'
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{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
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! style="width:8%" | Year
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! style="width:10%" | Authors
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! Publication and remarks
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|-
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| 19?? || ... || ...
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|}
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</wikitex>
- For statements like Theorem, Lemma, Definition etc., use e.g.
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==1930 - 1960==
{{beginthm|Theorem 1|(Milnor)}} ... ... ... {{endthm}}.
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<wikitex>;
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{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
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! style="width:8%" | Year
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! style="width:10%" | Authors
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! Publication and remarks
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|-
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| 1956 || [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Milnor.html Milnor]|| {{CiteD2|Milnor1956|On manifolds homeomorphic to the $7$-sphere}}
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Showed the existence of several smooth structures on a fixed topological manifold: in this case the $7$-sphere.
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|}
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</wikitex>
- For references, use e.g. {{cite|Milnor1958b}}.
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==1961 - 1970==
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<wikitex>;
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{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
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! style="width:8%" | Year
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! style="width:10%" | Authors
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! Publication and remarks
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|-
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|1960 || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kervaire Kervaire] || {{citeD2|Kervaire1960a|A manifold which does not admit any differentiable structure}}
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Used surgery to find a PL manifold in dimension 10 which admits no smooth structure <ref>An interesting fact is that Milnor could easily have made this observation in his 1956 paper {{citeD|Milnor1956}} on $7$-spheres.</ref>
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|-
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|1961 || [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Smale.html Smale] || {{citeD2|Smale1961|Generalized Poincaré's conjecture in dimensions greater than four}}
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Proved that every smooth homotopy sphere of dimension 6 or more is homeomorphic to the standard sphere
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|-
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|1963 || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kervaire Kervaire] [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Milnor.html Milnor] || {{citeD2|Kervaire&Milnor1963|Groups of homotopy spheres I}}
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Applied surgery theory to the diffeomorphism classification of smooth structures the n-sphere
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|}
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</wikitex>
END OF COMMENT
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==1971 - 1980==
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-->
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{{Stub}}
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== Introduction ==
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<wikitex>;
<wikitex>;
...
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{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
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! style="width:8%" | Year
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! style="width:10%" | Authors
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! Publication and remarks
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|-
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| 19?? || ... || ...
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|}
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</wikitex>
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==1981 - 1990==
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<wikitex>;
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{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
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! style="width:8%" | Year
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! style="width:10%" | Authors
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! Publication and remarks
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|-
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| 1982 || [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Freedman.html Freedman] || {{citeD2|Freedman1982|The topology of four-dimensional manifolds}}
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Proves the Poincaré conjecture in dimension 4
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|}
</wikitex>
</wikitex>
== References ==
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==1991 - 2000==
{{#RefList:}}
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{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
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! style="width:8%" | Year
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! style="width:10%" | Authors
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! Publication and remarks
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|-
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| 19?? || ... || ...
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|}
[[Category:History]]
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==2001 - present==
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<wikitex>;
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{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
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! style="width:8%" | Year
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! style="width:10%" | Authors
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! Publication and remarks
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|-
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| 20?? || ... || ...
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|}
</wikitex>
</wikitex>
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== Discussion ==
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==Footnotes==
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<references/>
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== References ==
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{{#RefList:}}

Revision as of 16:37, 14 December 2010

This is a timeline of important publications in the theory of manifolds, including

See also:

Contents

1 Up to 1900

Year Authors Publication and remarks
18?? ... ...

2 1900 - 1930

'

Year Authors Publication and remarks
19?? ... ...

3 1930 - 1960

Year Authors Publication and remarks
1956 Milnor On manifolds homeomorphic to the 7-sphere

Showed the existence of several smooth structures on a fixed topological manifold: in this case the 7-sphere.

4 1961 - 1970

Year Authors Publication and remarks
1960 Kervaire A manifold which does not admit any differentiable structure

Used surgery to find a PL manifold in dimension 10 which admits no smooth structure

[1];

|- |1961 || Smale || Generalized Poincaré's conjecture in dimensions greater than four Proved that every smooth homotopy sphere of dimension 6 or more is homeomorphic to the standard sphere |- |1963 || Kervaire Milnor || Groups of homotopy spheres I Applied surgery theory to the diffeomorphism classification of smooth structures the n-sphere |}

5 1971 - 1980

Year Authors Publication and remarks
19?? ... ...

6 1981 - 1990

Year Authors Publication and remarks
1982 Freedman The topology of four-dimensional manifolds

Proves the Poincaré conjecture in dimension 4

7 1991 - 2000

Year Authors Publication and remarks
19?? ... ...

8 2001 - present

Year Authors Publication and remarks
20?? ... ...

9 Discussion

10 Footnotes

  1. An interesting fact is that Milnor could easily have made this observation in his 1956 paper [Milnor1956] on $7$-spheres.

11 References

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