Foliation

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Introduction

1 Foliations

Let $M$$\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}} \newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\C}{\mathbb{C}} \newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}} \newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}} \newcommand{\F}{\mathbb{F}} \newcommand{\bZ}{\mathbb{Z}} \newcommand{\bR}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\bC}{\mathbb{C}} \newcommand{\bH}{\mathbb{H}} \newcommand{\bQ}{\mathbb{Q}} \newcommand{\bF}{\mathbb{F}} \newcommand{\bN}{\mathbb{N}} \DeclareMathOperator\id{id} % identity map \DeclareMathOperator\Sq{Sq} % Steenrod squares \DeclareMathOperator\Homeo{Homeo} % group of homeomorphisms of a topoloical space \DeclareMathOperator\Diff{Diff} % group of diffeomorphisms of a smooth manifold \DeclareMathOperator\SDiff{SDiff} % diffeomorphism under some constraint \DeclareMathOperator\Hom{Hom} % homomrphism group \DeclareMathOperator\End{End} % endomorphism group \DeclareMathOperator\Aut{Aut} % automorphism group \DeclareMathOperator\Inn{Inn} % inner automorphisms \DeclareMathOperator\Out{Out} % outer automorphism group \DeclareMathOperator\vol{vol} % volume \newcommand{\GL}{\text{GL}} % general linear group \newcommand{\SL}{\text{SL}} % special linear group \newcommand{\SO}{\text{SO}} % special orthogonal group \newcommand{\O}{\text{O}} % orthogonal group \newcommand{\SU}{\text{SU}} % special unitary group \newcommand{\Spin}{\text{Spin}} % Spin group \newcommand{\RP}{\Rr\mathrm P} % real projective space \newcommand{\CP}{\Cc\mathrm P} % complex projective space \newcommand{\HP}{\Hh\mathrm P} % quaternionic projective space \newcommand{\Top}{\mathrm{Top}} % topological category \newcommand{\PL}{\mathrm{PL}} % piecewise linear category \newcommand{\Cat}{\mathrm{Cat}} % any category \newcommand{\KS}{\text{KS}} % Kirby-Siebenmann class \newcommand{\Hud}{\text{Hud}} % Hudson torus \newcommand{\Ker}{\text{Ker}} % Kernel \newcommand{\underbar}{\underline} %Classifying Spaces for Families of Subgroups \newcommand{\textup}{\text} \newcommand{\sp}{^}M$ be an $n$$n$-manifold, possibly with boundary, and let ${\mathcal{F}}=\left\{F_b\right\}_{b\in B}$${\mathcal{F}}=\left\{F_b\right\}_{b\in B}$ be a decomposition of $M$$M$ into connected, topologically immersed submanifolds of dimension $n-q$$n-q$. ${\mathcal{F}}$${\mathcal{F}}$ is said to be a codimension $q$$q$ (smooth) foliation of $M$$M$ if $M$$M$ admits an (smooth) atlas $\left\{U_\alpha,\phi_\alpha\right\}_{\alpha\in {\mathcal{A}}}$$\left\{U_\alpha,\phi_\alpha\right\}_{\alpha\in {\mathcal{A}}}$ of foliated charts, that is (diffeomorphisms) homeomorphisms

$\displaystyle \phi_\alpha=\left(x_\alpha,y_\alpha\right):U_\alpha\rightarrow B_{\alpha,\tau}\times B_{\alpha,\pitchfork}\subset {\mathbb R}^{n-q}\times{\mathbb R}^q$ $$\displaystyle \phi_\alpha=\left(x_\alpha,y_\alpha\right):U_\alpha\rightarrow B_{\alpha,\tau}\times B_{\alpha,\pitchfork}\subset {\mathbb R}^{n-q}\times{\mathbb R}^q$$

such that for each $\alpha\in{\mathcal{A}}, b\in B$$\alpha\in{\mathcal{A}}, b\in B$ the intersection $F_b\cap U_\alpha$$F_b\cap U_\alpha$ is a union of plaques $\phi_\alpha^{-1}\left(B_{\alpha,\tau}\times\left\{y\right\}\right)$$\phi_\alpha^{-1}\left(B_{\alpha,\tau}\times\left\{y\right\}\right)$.

2 Defining differential form

If $\mathcal{F}$$\mathcal{F}$ is a smooth, transversely orientable codimension $q$$q$ foliation and $E$$E$ its tangential plane field, then there is a nonsingular $q$$q$-form $\omega\in\Omega^q\left(M\right)$$\omega\in\Omega^q\left(M\right)$ such that, for each $x\in M$$x\in M$,

$\displaystyle \omega_x\left(v_1\wedge\ldots\wedge v_q\right)=0\Longleftrightarrow \mbox{\ at\ least\ one\ }v_i\in E_x.$ $$\displaystyle \omega_x\left(v_1\wedge\ldots\wedge v_q\right)=0\Longleftrightarrow \mbox{\ at\ least\ one\ }v_i\in E_x.$$

This implies that $d\omega=\omega\wedge\eta$$d\omega=\omega\wedge\eta$ for some $\eta\in\Omega^1\left(M\right)$$\eta\in\Omega^1\left(M\right)$.

3 Leaves

The leaves of $\mathcal{F}$$\mathcal{F}$ are the immersed submanifolds $F_b$$F_b$. Each $x\in M$$x\in M$ belongs to a unique leaf. The foliation $\mathcal{F}$$\mathcal{F}$ determines its tangential plane field $E\subset TM$$E\subset TM$ by $E_x:=T_xF_b\subset T_xM$$E_x:=T_xF_b\subset T_xM$ if $x\in F_b$$x\in F_b$.

The space of leaves is $L=M/\sim$$L=M/\sim$ with the quotient topology, where $x\sim y$$x\sim y$ if and only if $x$$x$ and $y/var/www/vhost/map.mpim-bonn.mpg.de/tmp/AppWikiTex/tex_xTZ1VQ$$y$ belong to the same leaf of $\mathcal{F}$$\mathcal{F}$.

4 Holonomy Cocycle

The holonomy cocycle $\left\{\gamma_{\alpha\beta}: \alpha,\beta\in{\mathcal{A}}\right\}$$\left\{\gamma_{\alpha\beta}: \alpha,\beta\in{\mathcal{A}}\right\}$ of the atlas is given by

$\displaystyle \gamma_{\alpha\beta}:=y_\alpha y_\beta^{-1}:y_\beta\left(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta\right)\rightarrow y_\alpha\left(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta\right).$ $$\displaystyle \gamma_{\alpha\beta}:=y_\alpha y_\beta^{-1}:y_\beta\left(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta\right)\rightarrow y_\alpha\left(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta\right).$$

A smooth foliation ${\mathcal{F}}$${\mathcal{F}}$ is said to be transversely orientable if $det\left(D\gamma_{\alpha\beta}\right)>0$$det\left(D\gamma_{\alpha\beta}\right)>0$ everywhere.

</wikitex>

2 Definition

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3 Examples

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