5-manifolds with fundamental group of order 2

Revision as of 13:32, 3 June 2012

1 Introduction

The classification of simply-connected 5-manifolds was achieved by Smale [Smale] and Barden [Barden] in the 1960s. The surgery and modified surgery theories provide a toolkit to attack the classification problem of high dimensional manifolds. Dimension 5 is the lowest dimension where the theories apply (except for the 4-dimensional TOP-category), therefore an understanding of the classification of 5-manifolds beyond the Smale-Barden results is expectable. On the other hand, it's known ([Markov], [Kervaire]) that every finitely generated group can be realized as the fundamental group of a manifold of dimension ${{Stub}} == Introduction == <wikitex>; The classification of simply-connected 5-manifolds was achieved by Smale \cite{Smale} and Barden \cite{Barden} in the 1960s. The surgery and modified surgery theories provide a toolkit to attack the classification problem of high dimensional manifolds. Dimension 5 is the lowest dimension where the theories apply (except for the 4-dimensional TOP-category), therefore an understanding of the classification of 5-manifolds beyond the Smale-Barden results is expectable. On the other hand, it's known (\cite{Markov}, \cite{Kervaire}) that every finitely generated group can be realized as the fundamental group of a manifold of dimension $\ge$ 4. Therefore, a practical approach towards the classification of 5-manifolds is to fix a fundamental in advance and consider the classification of manifolds with the given fundamental group. From this point of view, the fist step one might take is the group $\Zz_2$, which is the simplest nontrivial group since it has the least number of elements. (Of course if we take the point of view of generators and relations the rank 1 free group $\Zz$ is the simplest one.) Anyother point one should take into account concerning the classification of manifolds with nontrivial fundamental groups $\pi_1$ is that the higher homotopy groups $\pi_i$ ($i \ge 2$) are modules over the group ring $\Zz[\pi_1]$, which are apparently homotopy invariants. Especially when we consider $-manifolds $M^5$, the $\Zz[\pi_1]$-module structure of $\pi_2(M)$ will play an important role in the classification. And it's not a surprise that the first clear classification result obtained is the trivial module case. Most part of this item will be a survey of the classification result of 5-manifolds $M^5$ with fundamental group $\pi_1(M)=\Zz_2$, $\pi_2(M)$ torsion free and is a trivial $\Zz[\Zz_2]$-module obtained in \cite{Hambleton&Su} . </wikitex> == Construction and examples == <wikitex>; ... </wikitex> == Invariants == <wikitex>; ... </wikitex> == Classification/Characterization == <wikitex>; ... </wikitex> == Further discussion == <wikitex>; ... </wikitex> <!-- == Acknowledgments == ... == Footnotes == <references/> --> == References == {{#RefList:}} <!-- == External links == * The Wikipedia page about [[Wikipedia:Page_name|link text]]. --> <!-- Please modify these headings or choose other headings according to your needs. --> [[Category:Manifolds]] [[Catefory:5-Manifolds]]\ge$ 4. Therefore, a practical approach towards the classification of 5-manifolds is to fix a fundamental in advance and consider the classification of manifolds with the given fundamental group.

From this point of view, the fist step one might take is the group $\Zz_2$, which is the simplest nontrivial group since it has the least number of elements. (Of course if we take the point of view of generators and relations the rank 1 free group $\Zz$ is the simplest one.)

Anyother point one should take into account concerning the classification of manifolds with nontrivial fundamental groups $\pi_1$ is that the higher homotopy groups $\pi_i$ ($i \ge 2$) are modules over the group ring $\Zz[\pi_1]$, which are apparently homotopy invariants. Especially when we consider $5$-manifolds $M^5$, the $\Zz[\pi_1]$-module structure of $\pi_2(M)$ will play an important role in the classification. And it's not a surprise that the first clear classification result obtained is the trivial module case.

Most part of this item will be a survey of the classification result of 5-manifolds $M^5$ with fundamental group $\pi_1(M)=\Zz_2$, $\pi_2(M)$ torsion free and is a trivial $\Zz[\Zz_2]$-module obtained in [Hambleton&Su] .

2 Construction and examples

2.1 Circle bundles over simply-connected 4-manifolds

Let $X^4$ be a simply-connected 4-manifold, $\xi$ be a complex line bundle over $X$ with Chern class $c_1(\xi) \in H^2(X;\Zz)$. Let the divisibility of $c_1(\xi)$ be $k$ (i.e. $c_1(\xi)$ is $k$ multiple of a primitive element in $H^2(X;\Zz)$, then the sphere bundle $S(\xi) = \colon M$ is a 5-manifold with fundament group $\Zz_k$ and $\pi_2(M)$ is a free abelian group of rank $\mathrm{rank} H_2(X)-1$, and $\pi_2(M)$ is a trivial module over the group ring.

• $k=1$, $M$ is a simply-connected 5-manifold. The identification of $M$ with manifolds in the standard list of simply-connected 5-manifolds given by the Smale-Barden classification was done in [Duan&Liang].
• $k=2$, we have a class of 5-manifolds with fundamental group $\Zz_2$, $\pi_2(M)$ a free abelian group, and a trivial module over the group ring. The classification of these manifolds was the motivation of [Hambleton&Su].

3 Invariants

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4 Classification/Characterization

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5 Further discussion

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6 References

• [Barden] Template:Barden
• [Duan&Liang] Template:Duan&Liang
• [Hambleton&Su] Template:Hambleton&Su
• [Kervaire] Template:Kervaire
• [Markov] Template:Markov
• [Smale] Template:SmaleCatefory:5-Manifolds