Talk:Microbundles (Ex)

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<wikitex>;
<wikitex>;
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Let us begin with the definition of [[Microbundle|microbundle]].
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In case of daubts You should get familiar with the definition of [[Microbundle|microbundle]].
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{{beginthm|Definition|}}
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An $n$-dimensional microbundle is a quadruple $(E,B,i,j)$ such that there is a sequence $$B\xrightarrow{i} E\xrightarrow{j} B$$ and the following conditions hold.
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#$j\circ i=\id_B$
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#for all $x\in B$ there exist open neigbourhood $U\subset B$ and an open neighbourhood $V\subset E$ of $i(b)$ and a homeomorphism $$h\colon V\to U\times \mathbb{R}^n.$$
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Moreover, the homeomorphism above must make the following diagram commute:
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$$
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\xymatrix{
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U \ar[d]^{i}\ar[r]& U\times\mathbb{R}^n \ar[d]^{p_1}\\
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V\ar[r]^{j} \ar[ur]^{h} & U,}
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$$
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where $p_1$ is projection on the first factor and $U$ is included as a $0$-section in $U\times \mathbb{R}^n$.
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{{endthm}}
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{{beginthm|Exercise|{{citeD|Milnor1964|Lemma 2.1}}}}
{{beginthm|Exercise|{{citeD|Milnor1964|Lemma 2.1}}}}
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To prove that the second condition is satisfied we need to use local chart around $x$.
To prove that the second condition is satisfied we need to use local chart around $x$.
Choose $U$ to be one of the open sets coming from atlas of $M$ and let $\phi\colon U\to \mathbb{R}^n$ be associated chart. The obvious choice for neighbourhood $V\subset M\times M$ is to take $U\times U$. The first naive candidate for $h\colon V=U\times U\to U\times\mathbb{R}^n$ would be map $\id\times \phi$. However such $h$ fails to make the following diagram commute
Choose $U$ to be one of the open sets coming from atlas of $M$ and let $\phi\colon U\to \mathbb{R}^n$ be associated chart. The obvious choice for neighbourhood $V\subset M\times M$ is to take $U\times U$. The first naive candidate for $h\colon V=U\times U\to U\times\mathbb{R}^n$ would be map $\id\times \phi$. However such $h$ fails to make the following diagram commute
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$$
$$
\xymatrix{
\xymatrix{
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U \ar[d]^{\Delta_M}\ar[r]^{\id\times \{0\}}& U\times\mathbb{R}^n \ar[d]^{p_1}\\
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&U\times U\ar[rd]^{p_1}\ar[dd]^h&\\
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V\ar[r]^{p_1} \ar[ur]^{h} & U,}
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U\ar[ru]^{\Delta_M}\ar[rd]_{\id\times\{0\}} & & U\\
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&U\times \Rr^n\ar[ru]_{p_1}&}
$$
$$
since $(u,u)$ is mapped to $(u,\phi(u))$ and $\phi(u)$ doesn't necessarily be $0$ (well, it depends on our definition of an atlas of a manifold?). We need just a small adjustment: $h(u,v)=(u,h(u)-h(v))$.
since $(u,u)$ is mapped to $(u,\phi(u))$ and $\phi(u)$ doesn't necessarily be $0$ (well, it depends on our definition of an atlas of a manifold?). We need just a small adjustment: $h(u,v)=(u,h(u)-h(v))$.
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We have two concurring definitions of micro-tangent bundle. The first is given by the exercise above, the second by forgeting about the vector bundle structure on $TM$ and treating it just as a microbundle $(TM, M, \pi,s_0)$ where $M\xrightarrow{s_0} TM$ is the zero section.
We have two concurring definitions of micro-tangent bundle. The first is given by the exercise above, the second by forgeting about the vector bundle structure on $TM$ and treating it just as a microbundle $(TM, M, \pi,s_0)$ where $M\xrightarrow{s_0} TM$ is the zero section.
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However to show that these two definition agree we need a notion of microbundle isomorphism.
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To fix the notation please consult the definition of microbundle isomorphism on page on [[Microbundle|microbundles]] .
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{{beginthm|Definition}}
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In our case we have
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Two microbundles $(E_n,X,i_n,j_n)$, $n=1,2$ over the same space $X$ are isomorphic if there exist neighbourhoods $V_1\subset E_1$ of $i_1(B)$ and $V_2\subset E_2$ of $i_2(B)$ and a homeomorphism $H\colon V_1\to V_2$ making the following diagram commute.
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$$
$$
\xymatrix{
\xymatrix{
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U \ar[d]^{i_1}\ar[r]^{i_2}& V_2 \ar[d]^{p_2}\\
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& V\ar[dd]^H \ar[rd]^{p_1}&\\
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V_1\ar[r]^{p_1} \ar[ur]^{H} & U,}
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M\ar[dr]_{\Delta_M}\ar[ur]^{s_0} & & M\\
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& M\times M \ar[ru]&}
$$
$$
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{{endthm|Definition}}
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In our case we have
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where $V\subset TM$ is an open neighbourhood of the zero section.
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$$
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\xymatrix{
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U \ar[d]^{\Delta_M}\ar[r]^{s_0}& V \ar[d]^{p_2}\\
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U\times U\ar[r]^{p_1} \ar[ur]^{H} & U,}
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$$
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where $V\subset TM$ is an open neighbourhood of the zero section. Because of the vector bundle structure we may identify $V\cong U\times \mathbb{R}^n$ via local trivialisation.
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{{endproof}}
{{endproof}}
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We need to find a map $H\colon V\to
</wikitex>
</wikitex>

Revision as of 01:10, 30 May 2012

In case of daubts You should get familiar with the definition of microbundle.

Exercise 0.1 [Milnor1964, Lemma 2.1]. Let M be a topological manifold. Show that \xi_M : = (M \times M, M, \Delta_M, p_1) is a microbundle.

Proof.

Let M be a topological manifold. Then the composition p_1\circ\Delta_M sends x\mapsto (x,x)\mapsto x, so the first condition in the definition is satisfied.

To prove that the second condition is satisfied we need to use local chart around x. Choose U to be one of the open sets coming from atlas of M and let \phi\colon U\to \mathbb{R}^n be associated chart. The obvious choice for neighbourhood V\subset M\times M is to take U\times U. The first naive candidate for h\colon V=U\times U\to U\times\mathbb{R}^n would be map \id\times \phi. However such h fails to make the following diagram commute

\displaystyle \xymatrix{ &U\times U\ar[rd]^{p_1}\ar[dd]^h&\\ U\ar[ru]^{\Delta_M}\ar[rd]_{\id\times\{0\}} & & U\\ &U\times \Rr^n\ar[ru]_{p_1}&}

since (u,u) is mapped to (u,\phi(u)) and \phi(u) doesn't necessarily be 0 (well, it depends on our definition of an atlas of a manifold?). We need just a small adjustment: h(u,v)=(u,h(u)-h(v)).

\square


Exercise 0.2 [Milnor1964, Theorem 2.2]. Let M be a (paracompact!) smooth manifold. Show that TM and \xi_M are isomorphic microbundles.

Proof. We have two concurring definitions of micro-tangent bundle. The first is given by the exercise above, the second by forgeting about the vector bundle structure on TM and treating it just as a microbundle (TM, M, \pi,s_0) where M\xrightarrow{s_0} TM is the zero section.

To fix the notation please consult the definition of microbundle isomorphism on page on microbundles .

In our case we have

\displaystyle \xymatrix{ & V\ar[dd]^H \ar[rd]^{p_1}&\\ M\ar[dr]_{\Delta_M}\ar[ur]^{s_0} & & M\\ & M\times M \ar[ru]&}

where V\subset TM is an open neighbourhood of the zero section.

\square

We need to find a map $H\colon V\to

$-section in $U\times \mathbb{R}^n$. {{endthm}} {{beginthm|Exercise|{{citeD|Milnor1964|Lemma 2.1}}}} Let $M$ be a topological manifold. Show that $\xi_M : = (M \times M, M, \Delta_M, p_1)$ is a microbundle. {{endthm}} {{beginproof}} Let $M$ be a topological manifold. Then the composition $p_1\circ\Delta_M$ sends $x\mapsto (x,x)\mapsto x$, so the first condition in the definition is satisfied. To prove that the second condition is satisfied we need to use local chart around $x$. Choose $U$ to be one of the open sets coming from atlas of $M$ and let $\phi\colon U\to \mathbb{R}^n$ be associated chart. The obvious choice for neighbourhood $V\subset M\times M$ is to take $U\times U$. The first naive candidate for $h\colon V=U\times U\to U\times\mathbb{R}^n$ would be map $\id\times \phi$. However such $h$ fails to make the following diagram commute $$ \xymatrix{ U \ar[d]^{\Delta_M}\ar[r]^{\id\times \{0\}}& U\times\mathbb{R}^n \ar[d]^{p_1}\ V\ar[r]^{p_1} \ar[ur]^{h} & U,} $$ since $(u,u)$ is mapped to $(u,\phi(u))$ and $\phi(u)$ doesn't necessarily be be a topological manifold. Show that \xi_M : = (M \times M, M, \Delta_M, p_1) is a microbundle.

Proof.

Let M be a topological manifold. Then the composition p_1\circ\Delta_M sends x\mapsto (x,x)\mapsto x, so the first condition in the definition is satisfied.

To prove that the second condition is satisfied we need to use local chart around x. Choose U to be one of the open sets coming from atlas of M and let \phi\colon U\to \mathbb{R}^n be associated chart. The obvious choice for neighbourhood V\subset M\times M is to take U\times U. The first naive candidate for h\colon V=U\times U\to U\times\mathbb{R}^n would be map \id\times \phi. However such h fails to make the following diagram commute

\displaystyle \xymatrix{ &U\times U\ar[rd]^{p_1}\ar[dd]^h&\\ U\ar[ru]^{\Delta_M}\ar[rd]_{\id\times\{0\}} & & U\\ &U\times \Rr^n\ar[ru]_{p_1}&}

since (u,u) is mapped to (u,\phi(u)) and \phi(u) doesn't necessarily be 0 (well, it depends on our definition of an atlas of a manifold?). We need just a small adjustment: h(u,v)=(u,h(u)-h(v)).

\square


Exercise 0.2 [Milnor1964, Theorem 2.2]. Let M be a (paracompact!) smooth manifold. Show that TM and \xi_M are isomorphic microbundles.

Proof. We have two concurring definitions of micro-tangent bundle. The first is given by the exercise above, the second by forgeting about the vector bundle structure on TM and treating it just as a microbundle (TM, M, \pi,s_0) where M\xrightarrow{s_0} TM is the zero section.

To fix the notation please consult the definition of microbundle isomorphism on page on microbundles .

In our case we have

\displaystyle \xymatrix{ & V\ar[dd]^H \ar[rd]^{p_1}&\\ M\ar[dr]_{\Delta_M}\ar[ur]^{s_0} & & M\\ & M\times M \ar[ru]&}

where V\subset TM is an open neighbourhood of the zero section.

\square

We need to find a map $H\colon V\to

$ (well, it depends on our definition of an atlas of a manifold?). We need just a small adjustment: $h(u,v)=(u,h(u)-h(v))$. {{endproof}} {{beginthm|Exercise|{{citeD|Milnor1964|Theorem 2.2}}}} Let $M$ be a (paracompact!) smooth manifold. Show that $TM$ and $\xi_M$ are isomorphic microbundles. {{endthm}} {{beginproof}} We have two concurring definitions of micro-tangent bundle. The first is given by the exercise above, the second by forgeting about the vector bundle structure on $TM$ and treating it just as a microbundle $(TM, M, \pi,s_0)$ where $M\xrightarrow{s_0} TM$ is the zero section. However to show that these two definition agree we need a notion of microbundle isomorphism. {{beginthm|Definition}} Two microbundles $(E_n,X,i_n,j_n)$, $n=1,2$ over the same space $X$ are isomorphic if there exist neighbourhoods $V_1\subset E_1$ of $i_1(B)$ and $V_2\subset E_2$ of $i_2(B)$ and a homeomorphism $H\colon V_1\to V_2$ making the following diagram commute. $$ \xymatrix{ U \ar[d]^{i_1}\ar[r]^{i_2}& V_2 \ar[d]^{p_2}\ V_1\ar[r]^{p_1} \ar[ur]^{H} & U,} $$ {{endthm|Definition}} In our case we have $$ \xymatrix{ U \ar[d]^{\Delta_M}\ar[r]^{s_0}& V \ar[d]^{p_2}\ U\times U\ar[r]^{p_1} \ar[ur]^{H} & U,} $$ where $V\subset TM$ is an open neighbourhood of the zero section. Because of the vector bundle structure we may identify $V\cong U\times \mathbb{R}^n$ via local trivialisation. {{endproof}} M be a topological manifold. Show that \xi_M : = (M \times M, M, \Delta_M, p_1) is a microbundle.

Proof.

Let M be a topological manifold. Then the composition p_1\circ\Delta_M sends x\mapsto (x,x)\mapsto x, so the first condition in the definition is satisfied.

To prove that the second condition is satisfied we need to use local chart around x. Choose U to be one of the open sets coming from atlas of M and let \phi\colon U\to \mathbb{R}^n be associated chart. The obvious choice for neighbourhood V\subset M\times M is to take U\times U. The first naive candidate for h\colon V=U\times U\to U\times\mathbb{R}^n would be map \id\times \phi. However such h fails to make the following diagram commute

\displaystyle \xymatrix{ &U\times U\ar[rd]^{p_1}\ar[dd]^h&\\ U\ar[ru]^{\Delta_M}\ar[rd]_{\id\times\{0\}} & & U\\ &U\times \Rr^n\ar[ru]_{p_1}&}

since (u,u) is mapped to (u,\phi(u)) and \phi(u) doesn't necessarily be 0 (well, it depends on our definition of an atlas of a manifold?). We need just a small adjustment: h(u,v)=(u,h(u)-h(v)).

\square


Exercise 0.2 [Milnor1964, Theorem 2.2]. Let M be a (paracompact!) smooth manifold. Show that TM and \xi_M are isomorphic microbundles.

Proof. We have two concurring definitions of micro-tangent bundle. The first is given by the exercise above, the second by forgeting about the vector bundle structure on TM and treating it just as a microbundle (TM, M, \pi,s_0) where M\xrightarrow{s_0} TM is the zero section.

To fix the notation please consult the definition of microbundle isomorphism on page on microbundles .

In our case we have

\displaystyle \xymatrix{ & V\ar[dd]^H \ar[rd]^{p_1}&\\ M\ar[dr]_{\Delta_M}\ar[ur]^{s_0} & & M\\ & M\times M \ar[ru]&}

where V\subset TM is an open neighbourhood of the zero section.

\square

We need to find a map $H\colon V\to

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